南迦巴瓦构造结的楔入及其地质效应   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

刘宇平  潘桂棠  耿全如  郑来林  刘朝基 《沉积与特提斯地质》2000,20(1):52-59

南迦巴瓦构造结由其核 喜马拉雅构造单元和周边的冈底斯构造单元、雅鲁藏布构造单元组成。喜马拉雅构造单元为构造楔入体,两侧发育有右旋和左旋走滑断层系,构成南迦巴瓦楔入同迦巴瓦构造结的楔入作用,使雅鲁藏布缝合线横推错位,形成滇藏涡旋构造,并为雅鲁藏布大峡谷的形成奠定了基础。南迦巴瓦楔入构造的形成一印度板块连续的向北汇聚推挤作用发生反时针旋转有关,并可分为点碰撞（４５Ｍａ前）、碰撞楔入（４５￣７Ｍａ）和旋  相似文献   

南海西沙海域永乐海底峡谷形成演化过程分析*     

陈靓  刘时桥  辛卓  邢子浩  张经纬  刘亮  靳佳澎  李伟  陈万利 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):89-104

远海孤立碳酸盐台地周缘发育了碳酸盐岩峡谷, 对其开展研究有助于深刻理解碳酸盐碎屑沉积物的“源-汇”体系及深水油气成藏等方面。文章利用多波束测深、高分辨率二维多道地震等数据, 精细刻画南海西沙海域永乐海底峡谷的地貌形态及内部充填特征, 揭示该峡谷沉积演化过程, 分析峡谷成因控制因素及稳定性。永乐海底峡谷形成演化可分为萌芽、汇聚和拓展3个阶段, 随着演化过程的发展, 峡谷规模及对沉积物输运作用增加。永乐海底峡谷形成及演化主要受古地貌隆起形成的负地形和沉积物重力流侵蚀作用影响。峡谷在第四纪以后仍有较明显的活动迹象。分析显示永乐海底峡谷是西北次海盆的重要物质输送通道, 其沉积演化过程及稳定性对研究碳酸盐台地沉积物输运等深水沉积过程及岛礁工程建设具有一定参考意义。  相似文献   

新疆天山苏鲁果勒的峡谷瀑布及其开发构思   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

阎顺  张海霞  张鸿墀 《干旱区地理》2004,27(2):279-282

天山苏鲁果勒的峡谷瀑布是新疆新发现的一处有较高开发价值的旅游资源。构成峡谷的地质体属一套刚硬的变质岩系,峡谷的形成时代比较晚,可能在第四纪晚期。峡谷和瀑布以其谷狭岩刚、比高大、相交汇,瀑布呈梯级群组为特色,具有很高的观赏游憩价值;峡谷和瀑布的完美组合巧夺天工,其险峻、幽深为国内所罕见,尚无可比之例,珍稀度高;资源体量大,适合游览期5～6个月,游览期相对较长。景区开发应突出自然风光,以表现峡谷和瀑布为主,草原为辅,景区内只修步道和观景台,步道分岩道和木栈道。该旅游区可以建成年接待量约10万人的2A级景区。以库尔勒市为依托城市,以库尔勒市和乌鲁木齐大都市圈为基本客源市场,以来疆游客为次级客源市场,成为新疆一个集度假、休闲、科考、探险为一身的新兴旅游地。  相似文献   

Fluvial sedimentary history of Arlington Canyon,Channel Islands National Park,California     

R. Randall Schumann  Jeffrey S. Pigati 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(7):499-508

Arlington Canyon, in the northwest part of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California, has been the setting for important scientific discoveries over the past half century, including the oldest human remains in North America, several vertebrate fossil sites, and purported evidence of a catastrophic extinction event at the end of the Pleistocene. The canyon is filled with alluvial sediments that date to between 16.4 and 1.1 ka (thousands of calibrated years before present), representing accumulation that occurred primarily in response to rising sea levels during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The deposits are laterally discontinuous, exhibit a high degree of sedimentary complexity, and contain evidence of past climates and environments, including fossil bones, burned plant macrofossils, and invertebrate microfossils. Here, we show that it is critical to view the observations, data, and conclusions of scientific studies conducted in the canyon within this larger context so that localized facets of the spatially and temporally extensive alluvial deposits are not misinterpreted or misrepresented. By improving the baseline understanding of processes and drivers of sediment accumulation in Arlington Canyon, we hope to offer a solid foundation and better underpinning for future archeological, paleontological, and geochemical studies here and throughout the northern Channel Islands. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

基于无人机遥感的喀斯特高原峡谷区火龙果单株识别提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱孟  周忠发  赵馨  黄登红  蒋翼  吴跃  崔亮 《热带地理》2019,39(4):502-511

基于小型无人机搭载可见光镜头作为数据获取手段，通过对比可见光波段差异植被指数（VDVI）、过绿指数（ExG）、过绿减过红指数（ExG-ExR）、归一化绿红差异指数NGRDI和绿叶指数（GLI）5种可见光波段颜色指数方法应用于喀斯特高原峡谷区典型经济作物火龙果植株识别的适宜性，结合可视化空间建模工具模型构建器，提出一种以单植株平均面积分割株丛的思想，对火龙果进行植株识别分割和单株提取方法研究，结果表明：1）VDVI相比EXG、NGRDI、ExG-ExR、GLI等植被指数更适宜作为火龙果的识别分割方法；2）当VDVI的OTSU阈值取0.037时，能最大程度地分割目标地物与背景地物；3）通过人机交互基地实测获取的实际株数与提取株数验证，获得火龙果植株单株提取精度为91.7%。结果证实：以低空无人机可见光波段影像为数据源，VDVI指数作为识别方法，株丛分割应用于喀斯特高原峡谷区火龙果的单株识别提取具有可行性。  相似文献   

Hillslope coupled stream morphology,flow conditions,and their effects on detrital sedimentology in Garnet Canyon,Teton Range,Wyoming     

Lisa M.Tranel 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):1193-1202

Characterizing stream erosion in any steep mountain landscape is arduous, but the challenge level increases when the stream flows through a glaciated catchment frequently modified by hillslope debris.Glacial landforms and stochastic mass wasting in alpine systems may interfere with sediment delivery to downstream sites where detrital sediments are often collected to represent upstream bedrock sources.To use detrital sediments as indicators of erosion, we need to understand potential sediment accumulation in flat glaciated reaches or behind rockfall barriers. This study investigates the stream channel in Garnet Canyon, a glaciated catchment located in the central Teton Range, to describe hillslope coupled channel morphology and the subsequent effects on sediment transport throughout the catchment.Stream cross-section surveys and sediment size measurements of the surface bedload were collected in the field within a glacially flattened segment of Garnet Canyon. Calculations of shear stress conditions allowed evaluation of the importance of mineral densities on potential grain entrainment. The length of the Garnet Canyon stream observed in this study was coupled with hillslope deposits. Critical shear stresses were sufficient to move gravel-sized sediments through all sections when calculated with quartz mineral density and through most sections when applying apatite mineral density. These results verify the application of detrital sediments to evaluate erosion rates or spatial bedrock sources because snowmelt stream flow efficiently moves entrained sediment past glacially reduced slopes and potential talus barriers.  相似文献   

青藏高原考察新发现--帕隆藏布大峡谷     

张文敬  杨逸畴 《山地学报》1999,17(2):95-98,T002

通过多年的考察和室内科学论证,发现认定在雅鲁藏布大峡谷顶端汇流的一级支流———帕隆藏布峡谷也是一条堪称世界级的大峡谷（照片１）。就深度而言,帕隆藏布至少可以排位于尼泊尔王国境内的喀利根德格大峡谷（最深为４４０３ｍ）之后名列世界第三而深于秘鲁的科尔卡大...  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布大峡谷地质成因   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

季建清  钟大赉  丁林  张进江  杨逸畴 《地学前缘》1999,6(4):231-235

文中总结了雅鲁藏布大峡谷科学探险考察中获得投奔 石学和构造地质学认识与区域上已经取得的多学科成果,论述了牙鲁藏布大峡谷得以形成的根本原因是该地区深部存在着地幔上涌体,雅鲁藏布大峡谷和大另弯的形成是地幔上涌体作用于岩石圈和地表的效应。地幔上涌体的确认揭开了该地区的特有的生物学,气候特征等方面的奥秘,雅鲁藏布大峡谷及其周缘地区是大陆动力学研究,壳－幔动力学,地球系统中各圈层间耦合作用及大陆块体运动学研  相似文献   

琼东南盆地中央峡谷天然气成藏特征及其主控因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许怀智  张迎朝  林春明  裴健翔  刘云芝 《地质学报》2014,88(9):1741-1752

基于地震、测井、岩芯、岩屑和天然气样品分析化验等资料,研究了中央峡谷天然气成藏特征,探讨了成藏主控因素与成藏模式。研究结果表明,晚中新世—早上新世沿琼东南盆地中央坳陷发育一条大型海底峡谷,称之为中央峡谷,峡谷内充填了多期相互叠置的浊积砂岩,平均孔隙度为15%~33%,渗透率为11×10-3~971.3×10-3μm2,为较好的储层;发育了岩性和构造-岩性复合两大类圈闭。峡谷的气源来自于崖城组的煤系地层,属于煤型气。烃源岩的有机质类型为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型,以Ⅲ型为主;热演化程度处于成熟—高成熟阶段,晚中新世—上新世达到生烃高峰。琼东南盆地中央坳陷是一个高温高压的坳陷,实测地温梯度平均值高达4.2~4.6℃/100m,实测压力系数为1.20~2.15。在高温高压的环境下,盆地内孕育众多的底辟构造,而峡谷下伏的底辟构造与谷内相互叠置的复合砂体在空间上有效的配置构成了天然气垂向与侧向运移的输导体系,成为峡谷天然气成藏的关键因素。  相似文献   

Superposed deformation straddling the continental-oceanic transition in deep-water Angola   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C. Cramez  M. P. A. Jackson   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2000,17(10)

The Angolan margin is the type area for raft tectonics. New seismic data reveal the contractional buffer for this thin-skinned extension. A 200-km-long composite section from the Lower Congo Basin and Kwanza Basin illustrates a complex history of superposed deformation caused by: (1) progradation of the margin; and (2) episodic Tertiary epeirogenic uplift. Late Cretaceous tectonics was driven by a gentle slope created by thermal subsidence; extensional rafting took place updip, contractional thrusting and buckling downdip; some distal folds were possibly unroofed to form massive salt walls. Oligocene deformation was triggered by gentle kinking of the Atlantic Hinge Zone as the shelf and coastal plain rose by 2 or 3 km; relative uplift stripped Paleogene cover off the shelf, provided space for Miocene progradation, and steepened the continental slope, triggering more extension and buckling. In the Neogene, a subsalt half graben was inverted or reactivated, creating keystone faults that may have controlled the Congo Canyon; a thrust duplex of seaward-displaced salt jacked up the former abyssal plain, creating a plateau of salt 3–4 km thick on the present lower slope. The Angola Escarpment may be the toe of the Angola thrust nappe, in which a largely Cretaceous roof of gently buckled strata, was transported seawards above the thickened salt by up to 20 km.  相似文献